A methodology for planning, participation and evaluation that is used to promote long-term change. The theory of change defines long-term goals and then maps backward to identify necessary preconditions. The innovation of theory of change lies in making the distinction between desired and actual outcomes, as well as in requiring stakeholders to model their desired outcomes before they decide on forms of intervention to achieve those outcomes. The theory of change is an inclusive process involving stakeholders with diverse perspectives in achieving solutions. The ultimate success of any theory of change lies in its ability to demonstrate progress on the achievement of outcomes. Evidence of success confirms the theory and indicates that the initiative is effective. Therefore, the outcomes in a theory of change must be coupled with indicators that guide and facilitate measurement. The added value of a theory of change lies in outlining a conceptual model that demonstrates the causal connections between conditions that need to change in order to meet the ultimate goals.